The Development of the Artist in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse...

Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse has been described as a Kà ¼nstlerroman or artist novel. It traces the development of an artist, much like the Bildungsroman traced the development of a child into adulthood (Daughtery 148). The main artist of the novel is Lily Briscoe. As the novel progresses, Lily comes to terms with art and with life. To the Lighthouse is, in many ways, a quest novel (Daughter 148). This is evidenced by the title, which includes the preposition â€Å"to†. Nearly all the characters in the novels have a goal which they are aiming for. For example, in Part I, James Ramsay wants nothing but else but to go on an expedition to the lighthouse. Mr. Ramsay muses about how to reach the letter â€Å"R†. Lily sets sail with her canvas and her†¦show more content†¦When he reaches the lighthouse, he springs onto the rock â€Å"like a young man† (Woolf). He is no longer a boy, but a man with authority. He has successfully navigated his way to manhood. Lily’s progress in her painting is much like James Ramsay’s journey to the lighthouse. Lily Briscoe’s painting is a way for her to express her defiance of the social conventions which men impose on her. Lily lives an unconventional life by her society’s standard. She has no desire to marry. She is serious in her artistic pursuits, and yet the people around her disregard her abilities. Charles Tansley declares that â€Å"women can’t write, women can’t paint† (Woolf). Even Mrs. Ramsay thinks that no one could â€Å"take her painting very seriously† (Woolf). Nonetheless, Lily disregards the opinions of others. She is very independent-minded and very determined. Lily’s painting reflects her personal vision of the world. Lily is determined to paint the world as she sees it (Kelley 66). She will not let the opinions of others interfere with her vision of the world. She sees the jacmanna as â€Å"bright violet† and the w all as â€Å"staring white†, even though it was â€Å"fashionable† to see everything â€Å"pale, elegant, semitransparent† (Woolf). She is â€Å"struggling against terrific odds to maintain her courage; to say: ‘But this is what I see; this is what I see’† (Woolf). In Part III, Lily works in finishing the portrait which she began ten years earlier. However, obstacles lie in her way. Mr. RamsayShow MoreRelatedTo The Lighthouse, by Virginia Woolf Essay1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe opening scene of To The Lighthouse between Mr Ramsay and Mrs Ramsay displays the gender division that flows throughout this passage highlighting Woolf’s own perspective on society and sexuality between genders. Woolf supports the belief in a complete change to society resulting in a non – hierarchical society. Woolf felt for this to happen aside from the practical changes, that a radical redefinition of sexuality was also needed. The novel focuses on sexual issues of the twentieth century centralRead MoreStream of Consciousness Novel1102 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of the ‘Stream-of-Consciousness’ Technique in Modernist English Fiction (with Special Reference to the Contributions of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf) Arpan Adhikary The term ‘stream of consciousness’ as applied in literary criticism to designate a particular mode of prose narrative was first coined by philosopher William James in his book Principles of Psychology (1890) to describe the uninterrupted flow of perceptions, memories and thoughts in active human psyche. As a literaryRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem The Lighthouse 1625 Words   |  7 Pages Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse follows the progress of the painter, Lily Briscoe, as she aims to create a meaningful space for her artwork in an increasingly critical and subjective environment. Throughout this novel, Lily Briscoe is characterized as an artist who is constantly either painting or thinking about her painting. Lily is very private of her artwork and everything she comes across is anchored back to her painting. Lily’s painting represents a feminine artistic vison. RegardlessRead More Lily’s Artifice and Mr. Ramseys Work in To the Lighthouse Ess ay2849 Words   |  12 PagesA Comparison of Lily’s Artifice and Mr. Ramseys Work in To the Lighthouse  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse,   Mr. Ramsey’s lone philosophical work is contrasted against Lily’s encompassing paintings.   Both Lily’s and Mr. Ramsey’s professions require sacrifices;   Lily gives up the ideal marital life whereas Mr. Ramsey has his wife forfeit her happiness to restore his.   Through his work,   Mr. Ramsey is able to build himself up and look as though he is a strong male figure.  Read MoreAnalysis the Use of Stream of Consciousness in Mrs Dalloway8784 Words   |  36 PagesRequirements for the degree of B.A in English At Hebei Normal University May 8th , 2009 Abstract As one of the representative writers of novels of stream of consciousness, Virginia Woolf has made important contributions to the development of the technique of stream of consciousness by confirming her own original literary views through the design of a unique structure of stream of consciousness in one of her masterpieces—Mrs. Dalloway. Virginia Woolf constantly breaks through theRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Harold Pinter s The Room 9709 Words   |  39 Pagestheir expressionistic dramas, such as Strindberg, Ernst Toller, Georg Kaiser, Karel Capek and Eugene O’Neill sought to achieve a psychological or spiritual reality rather than record external events in coherent sequence. Expressionism led to the development of the ‘stream of consciousness’ technique also known as ‘interior monologue’ in novel which records the flow of thoughts in the minds of the characters. James Joyce, Virginia Woolf and Dorothy Richardson mastered this techn ique in their novels

Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 1276 Words

Arle chia Nisby Professor Parker World Literature Sept 24,2015 Telemachus: Test of maturity In Homer s heroic poem the Odyssey,Telemachus is an important character because will be the one to become king of Ithaca if his father s Odysseus does not return home. However during this time he is not only protecting his mother from a suitor s hand in marriage,but is forced to mature within a year s time. Telemachus share strong physical characteristics of his father and based of the knowledge of his the people of Ithaca , Odysseus is the best king that they have ever had. Therefore they expect the same from his son Telemachus. Sadly the two did not compare in the beginning of the odyssey, but the story quickly overturned when Telemachus†¦show more content†¦He stated. â€Å" Mother, why begrudge our singer/ entertaining us as he thinks best/ Singers are not responsible;Zeus is/who gives us what he wants to every man on earth./ †¦...Odysseus is not the only man at Troy/who did n t come home. Many other s perished./ you should go back upstairs and take care of your work./Speaking is for men, for all man, but for me / Especially, since I am the master of the house.† In the quote,you could see that his confidence level shift from a timid young man to him taking matters into his own hands. Although this was a brief gesture, it made him gain the confidence to talk to suitors. In addition, that it was short, it was the first of Telemachus speeches that will build his confidence against the suitors in an attempt to get rid of the suitors it before his father returns. Another example of why courage is more effective then maturity is because it is persuasive. Having courage comes with a voice, which is proven through tones and actions of being able to talk in front of large groups of people, along with meaning what you say. Telemachus versus Antinous show maturity does not make you a suitable for a leader. In Telemachus defense, he speaking up for his family , which shows that he is suitable to be a king. A king must protect his people, but knows that the protection of his family comes first . In this passage Telemachus is annoyed by how the suitors have treated his father home while Odysseus is out trying to

Steel Toed Stilettos Free Essays

Man is the subject; woman is the object. This is the major premise of the gender binary hierarchy. Man is dominant and the woman submissive, active and passive, rational and emotional, strong and weak. We will write a custom essay sample on Steel Toed Stilettos or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hegemonic masculinity is the ‘maintenance of practices that institutionalize men’s dominance over women’ (Connell, 1997, p. 24). Emphasized femininity is compliance and the overall subordination of women to men (Connell). This will be an analysis of female strippers and those people in their environment, with special concern regarding the objectification of women, and the misleading emphasized femininity ascribed to dancers. Men are the customers thought of when designing a strip club; there are scantily clad women, sports or pornography on television sets, even pool tables and arcade games. He is the subject. The women are objectified, the use of a pseudonym, or stage name, distances the customers, and the dancers, from the strippers’ lives outside the club. However, there are more parties involved than the customer and the dancer. The parties involved extend from the dancers to their agents, the club owners/managers, the municipal government as well as club support staff, photographers, promotional people, and others not discussed here. The agents, rarely female, must find a new club for the woman to work in every week and for this, they receive a fifteen percent commission. Agents have contracts with the dancers as well as the clubs. When and if any dancers complain about dirty working conditions and unfair labour practices, the agents quickly attempt to stop the denouncing. If a dancer wanted to sue a club for breach of contract, for instance, and the agents did not persuade her to stop, the treatment upon her return would be a sign that she was done in the strip clubs. The agent would blackball her from all clubs represented by his agency; in Alberta, ninety-eight percent of the clubs are under contract to one agency effectively ensuring the women’s compliance and increasing the unlikelihood that someone might speak up. In addition to the club and dancer contracts they hold, they advocate breast implants and bleached blonde hair and pole dancing. If women do receive implants, show prices increase and instead of being a dancer, she can be a ‘walker’. Many feature performers simply walk around the stage and do not dance, an opportunity provided for them by their physical attributes. A classmate remarked in a discussion, â€Å"obviously the girls know how to dance, it’s a basic job requirement. † The reality is breast implants can take centre stage and relegate a lack of rhythm to a dark corner backstage. The mainstream and the sex industry reward women who have breast implants. Those dancers with large breasts will receive more money per show than her colleague with the smaller cup size will receive if all other factors are equal. The municipal governments, specifically the City of Edmonton and the City of Calgary, require that all exotic dancers pass a security clearance to control for any drug or prostitution charges also, dancers must pay an annual fee of one hundred fifty dollars for a license. The city has increased their scrutiny in regards to one’s security clearance in the past two years resulting in fewer women able to work in the city and others fearing that their past transgressions exposed to everyone making them ineligible for employment. A near rejection of one Edmonton dancer’s license renewal illustrates the unintended effects of the security clearance; she was required to meet the police vice and discuss a charge on her record. There was a real possibility that she would not pass if she were unable to explain her charges. It was shoplifting, no conviction, just a charge, and occurred seven years prior. Why is it necessary for a stripper to gain security clearance? Are strippers inherently more dangerous? What kinds of threats do naked women pose? Fear of the criminality possessed by these women must not be the reason for these seemingly unnecessary procedures. If it was a predominately male profession, it is highly doubtful that the same processes would be in place. The fee of one hundred fifty dollars is significantly higher than bars or restaurants, but fortunately far below the annual three thousand dollars paid by escorts. Does the city equate strippers and escorts? The singling out of these two professions may suggest an equivocation. Why are retail workers not forced to have a license? One answer is that the government wants a share of the money these women work hard to receive. The documenting of the tips dancers receive and the money escorts receive is not necessarily reliable. These people may not fully declare their income on their taxes and the government is unable to verify the amounts. These licensing fees are in place to regulate the dancers but there is little regulation. This is another instance of the domination attempts on these females. The club owner/manager is male for the vast majority. These men tell the agents what kind of dancers they are seeking. The owner’s preferences can result in the agents offering only certain women work; he may want only Caucasian women, waifs, or pop music blondes. The club owner holds absolutely the power to hire and fire. After first meeting a dancer or after her first show of the week, or at any time during the week, the manager can fire her, sometimes without pay. A woman’s weight, breast size, muscle tone (be it too muscular or not enough), attractiveness, attitude, behaviour, past, are all reasons for dismissal. The fact that a woman could work an entire week, and be expecting a paycheque of eight hundred dollars only to be fired hours before she is to be paid seems unfair, oppressive, exploitive, etc. There is also the possibility that instead of receiving a paycheque, one could receive a bill. The attached hotel may be the only option in the town, deducted from the cheque, as well as telephone calls, bar tabs, restaurant bills, these alone could dramatically reduce a cheque and then there are fines. There are no fine regulations and can vary widely between clubs. Fines are also absolute, there is no appeal process, no possibility that the Stripper Protection Agency will raid the club and arrest the fine-happy manager. If a manager hates a dancer, he could allow her to dance the week only to surprise her with a page of fines for infractions she did not commit. Fines are in place to ensure job effectiveness, productivity and presence; they also lessen payrolls. Sanctions imposed for tardiness are generally one hundred dollars for every minute late for a show, no excuses. Missed shows range from two hundred fifty dollars to five hundred dollars plus the cost of the show. It is wholly within the manager’s power to decide to double a dancer’s fines. For example, during an interview with a dancer named Octavia, she told of when she was late for a show because her suitcase would not open, after a lengthy struggle the manager opened it by ripping the suitcase and then proceeded to fine her three hundred dollars for being late. She told the other dancers what had happened and they were outraged and informed the manager of such. He then doubled her fine because she had a ‘big mouth’ and the other dancers were approaching him and scolding him for fining Octavia. It is a system that favors the club, adversarial to the dancer and easy to identify situations in which women could work a week for nothing, maybe less. Fired without pay and an excessive fine system are only two of the way women are overpowered, another is the unwillingness and the refusal to accept any reason to miss a show. These claims, legitimate or not, are for the vast majority of the time never taken seriously. The managers have ‘seen heard it all before’ and suspect a late night of alcohol and drugs are the cause of this day’s ailment. The male aspects of the strip trade include the agents who have a monopoly on clubs and workers, almost all control over a dancer’s placement, much say in the hiring of a dancer, and the power to ostracize a dancer. Spotlighting the municipal government and it is hard to miss its attempts to exploit working women. The club owners have the power, and exercise it, to fire without pay, fine exorbitant amounts of money over minutes, and refuse to believe any ailments that a woman is suffering from is anything more than a hangover. After that lengthy inspection of the males of the strip club culture, the attention focuses on the females, the dancers. In her article, Feminism, Marxism, Method and the State: An Agenda for Theory, Catharine A. MacKinnon (1982) states, â€Å"Socially, femaleness means femininity, which means attractiveness to men, which means sexual attractiveness, which means sexual availability on male terms†. If femaleness means femininity and dancers are female, if the factors of femininity as met it is true. Dancers are attractive to men, sexually attractive in fact. Interpreting sexual availability as a willing participant in sexual activity is valid; however, women can be available in general and not for a specific person. If this is correct then dancers exude femininity. They seem rather feminine, wearing form-fitting dresses, short skirts, and stiletto heels. Their make-up and hair are amazing emphasizing their attractiveness, and being naked is a sufficient condition for sexually attractive. It is appropriate to consider dancers feminine in relation to MacKinnon’s article. The men think we do it because we love sex so much, we’re sex-driven throbbing mattress kittens. But when we’re on stage we’re all virgins, and then we lock eyes with that one special guy and he might be the one to change all that . . . and then we lock eyes with the next guy and he might be the one to change all that. Men are so stupid. † Octavia’s quote is an example of the have/hold discourse (Hollway, 1984). Wife or mistress, virgin or whore (or sex-driven throbbing mattress kittens) the dichotomy is the same and impossible to achieve. Expected to be the provocative, seductive, pure, inginue and obviously unable to fill the role, the dancer adopts a role not unlike that of a trucker. Rude, crude and crass, these women are tough. They have experienced volumes either in person, a close friend, or another dancer’s recollection. Assertive, aggressive, controlled, rational are usually male-specific traits but dancers are often described as such. A power shift has occurred, any previous conceptions about women’s subservience to men have vanished. On stage, strippers can make men do anything, falling over themselves to throw money to her, reduced to the basest of urges. After having seen one’s oppressor with his pants around his ankles and his clown boxers showing, the power is not as apparent as it had been. If subsequently, the repeat viewing of the oppressor is in compromising, powerless situations, the oppressor ceases to exist, and it is simply another person. In the situation the power shifted to the dancers and the agent, the manager, the city government may exert some power over her; regardless the men at the strip club are waiting for her. Exotic dancers appear to be an ultimately sexual, feminine being. However, it is not always the case; they adopt attitudes perhaps better suited to their trucker or rig-working customers. The misconception that the dancers are waiting for that guy at the club is in light of the fact that many dancers have an utter hatred for males and they despise them while they smile and listen to his stories. The objectification that is present in the strip club may not be the dancers at all it may be the customer who is nothing other than a source for money. The personality traits, usually coded as masculine, embodied by these women, must aid them as they ‘hustle’ to sell table dances, and convince the men to play loonie games. The transference of power, as experienced in the strip club, would be an empowering experience for all women. The possibility of it occurring is not absurd. The emphasized femininity some women adhere to is not going to increase the likelihood of this fundamental shift. However, if any change is to occur, solidarity must first be present. How to cite Steel Toed Stilettos, Papers

Reflective Journal on Communication in Business-Free-Samples

Question: Discuss about the Communication in Business. Answers: Description of the event and experience I think communication is one of the essential components, which decides the position of the individuals. This essentiality places communication in the same alignment with the actions performed by the individuals for their survival. Working for almost 5 months in a Company, I have realized that adherence to the ethical considerations preserves the core values of the organization and enhance its reputational status (Velliaris, Willis and Pierce 2015). In view of these aspects, getting a project on ethical considerations within the workplace is one of the most valuable experiences I have ever had. The reason behind this is the obliteration of humanity in the present age of competition. It gives me pain to highlight the fact the people now-a-days have become selfish they are only concerned about their own benefit (Volkmer 2014). This motive has adversely affected the self-respect of the individuals. Especially in the workplace, this issue is a matter of concern. Usage of harsh words by t he boss generates a revengeful feeling among the employees. Maintenance of consistency in the utilization of slang or harsh words destroys the sanctity of the workplace. Being a witness of such an incident has proved beneficial for me to delve deep into the aspect of business communication for conducting a research project. Herein, the rationale of the report and the heading of the reflective journal match. The commonality lies in the word description. My capability to discover these similarities and differences can be considered as the initiation of a critique within myself (Dos and Demir 2013). One particular day, one employee failed to turn up for work on the allotted time. He needed to come early for submitting a project. When the time for submission came, he was late. This made the boss angry; therefore, he used slang languages and taunted the employee in front of us. This made me sympathetic towards my Colleague. I wondered that instead of scolding and taunting the employee, the boss should have tried to excavate the reason for being late in submitting the project. Highlighting the functionalities of Code of Professional and Ethical conduct for Professional Australia in the introduction of the report, assures me about the preservation of ethics within the workplace. Here also the word description attains commonality as I attempted to adopt a descriptive approach for excavating the factors, which enhance the relationship between the employer and the employees (Ho 2014). Here, I could visualize the assistance that our Company might get if the managers approach the personnel of the Code of Professional and Ethical Conduct for Professional Australia. It gives me immense pleasure to point out that both these bodies put hard efforts to transform the plights of the individuals, who have been victims of the unethical practices in the workplace. Herein, lays the appropriateness of the actions safeguarding the dignity and respect of the victims; guarantee of better placement; training and development for improvement of their lives. One of the things that I liked the most is their promise to maintain confidentiality regarding the tragic experience, which the victims had to undergo (Hansen 2014). Interpretation and evaluation of the events Communication occupies vital position among the business issues. Usage of ornamental language while communicating with the personnel creates a good image about me within the minds of the employers and the managers. On the contrary, if I use slang language for communicating with my colleagues, employers and managers, negative impression is created about me (Manen 2016.). Speculation of both these aspects assists me in projecting the fact that ornamental and slang languages are the two communication types. Indulgence of our boss in unethical actions can be perceived from theoretical perspectives for its interpretation. At the first instance, boss and unethical cannot be placed in the same alignment. Rather, sophisticated behavior is expected from a high ranking official such as the boss. In view of his behavior towards my co-employee, I can state that his approach is apt in terms of the employees approach towards the project submission (Domac et al. 2015). This action reflects the negative shade of the boss character. Instead, attempting to excavate the reason for the employees failure in submitting the project on time would have added value to the positive shade of the boss character. Exposure of this type of action would have assisted me to add cognitive theory in addition to the behavioral theory. This is in reference to learning about the issues encountered by the employees in terms of the execution of the business activities. Regarding the behavior of the boss, I can also use the stages of human development as proposed by Freud (Kassens 2014). The behavior of the boss lacks maturity, which cannot be aligned with his age. On the contrary, my colleagues behavior possesses two connotations. In view of the tremendous work pressure that we have, my co-employees over sleeping might be one of the reasons for being late to work. Viewing it from the other perspective, this type of behavior is inappropriate for the workplace, as we have been instructed to adjust within the ambience of pressure. In terms of the second connotation, I can say that it affirms the behavior of the boss (Szenes, Tilakaratna and Maton 2015). As far as my behavior is concerned, I feel helpless in terms of not being able to provide necessary help to him. In view of this inadequacy, our behavior is inappropriate in terms of the workplace requirements. Herein, the propositions of the behavioral theory and cognitive theory get nullified. If I along with my other colleagues had indulged in discussion with our friend during the time that was allotted to us for completing the project, he would not have to face such dire Consequences (Deeley 2014). consoling the friend after this situation is our attempt to restore the stability in our relationship, which was destroyed due to the warning given by the boss regarding not to provide any kind of help to him in his redo in the project. The attempt to preserve and maintain the stability in our relationship attains the attribute of assurance at the point of intervention by the statutory bodies of law. Through this intervention, normalcy was restored in our workplace. Future planning Allocation of research projects makes me feel elated. This is due to my childhood passion regarding developing my Country through the means of research. Therefore, when I got the project on communication in business, I thought of the communication that I practice with my family, friends, relatives and peers (Jackson 2014). I think, this feeling of mine is appropriate in terms of adopting the profession of a critique, who can view the issues taking place in the surroundings from different perspectives. This would broaden my scope and arena of researching the different and diversified subjects. Therefore, beginning the search for the best universities in Australia providing the diploma courses in Research and Development would be a wise step for me in terms of my career establishment. Placing myself in the provided situation makes me feel one with its intensity. In view of this, I can adopt the profession of counseling (Bennett and Lee 2014). Reading about the cases of the indulgence of business personnel in the unethical issues have instilled within me enough patience, although sometimes I was bored with the elongated process of approaching the courts and their investigation of the issues. However, the patience helped me in interpreting and evaluating the events from the point of view of my experience. In view of this, if I adopt the profession of counseling, my clients would achieve better results as I would actively listen to their issues and suggest relevant treatment (Deeley 2014). Apart from this, if I enroll myself in law and judiciary studies, I can become an efficient lawyer, defending the victim from the blows of the opposition party. Mention of this profession would have been appropriate if I had protested against the boss in terms of helping my colleagues in spite of his warnings. As there is no such behavior from my side, therefore, this profession would not prove fruitful in terms of attaining personal and professional development. Continuing with the profession of counseling, viewing the boss as my client enhances my status among my colleagues (Domac et al. 2015). Delving deep into the mindset of the boss would have helped me to excavate out the reason for such behavior. My research on communication in business can act as a secondary source of information for the researchers intending to carry out further research on the aspect of communication. The detailed description of the functions of the professional and ethical code of conduct might help the managers to maintain the order, harmony and decorum of the workplace. Practicing the action of preserving the dignity, respect and individuality of my neighbors would uplift my societal status, qualifying me as an efficient individual (Ho 2014). Upgradation of my character can be considered as an upgradation in the status of my country as a whole. Within this, if I join the spoken English classes, my speaking skills would be polished and refined, which would act as an opportunity for me in terms of giving presentations in front of the foreign clients. Emerging successful in this direction would take me closer to the personal and professional development (Volkmer 2014). References Bennett-Levy, J. and Lee, N.K., 2014. Self-practice and self-reflection in cognitive behaviour therapy training: What factors influence trainees engagement and experience of benefit?.Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy,42(01), pp.48-64. Deeley, S.J., 2014. Summative co-assessment: A deep learning approach to enhancing employability skills and attributes.Active Learning in Higher Education,15(1), pp.39-51. Domac, S., Anderson, L., OReilly, M. and Smith, R., 2015. Assessing interprofessional competence using a prospective reflective portfolio.Journal of interprofessional care,29(3), pp.179-187. Dos, B. and Demir, S., 2013. The analysis of the blogs created in a blended course through the reflective thinking perspective.Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice,13(2), pp.1335-1344. Hansen, K., 2014. Application of traditional and online journaling as pedagogy and means for assessing learning in an entrepreneurial seminar.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,32. Ho, J.K.K., 2014. A theoretical review on the professional development to be a scholar practitioner in business management.European Academic Research,1(12), pp.5393-5422. Jackson, J., 2014.Introducing language and intercultural communication. Routledge. Kassens, A.L., 2014. Tweeting your way to improved# Writing,# Reflection, and# Community.The Journal of Economic Education,45(2), pp.101-109. Szenes, E., Tilakaratna, N. and Maton, K., 2015. The knowledge practices of critical thinking. InThe Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in Higher Education(pp. 573-591). Palgrave Macmillan US. van Manen, M. ed., 2016.Writing in the Dark: Phenomenological Studies in Interpretive Inquiry. Routledge. Velliaris, D.M., Willis, C.R. and Pierce, J.M., 2015. International student perceptions of ethics in a business pathway course.New voices in higher education research and scholarship, pp.234-253. Volkmer, I., 2014.The global public sphere: Public communication in the age of reflective interdependence. John Wiley Sons. .